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Sunni and Shia Islam are the two major denominations of Islam. The demographic breakdown between the two denominations is difficult to assess and varies by source, but a good approximation is that 85-90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10-15% are Shia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Religions )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population )〕 with most Shias belonging to the Twelver tradition and the rest divided between many other groups.〔 Sunnis are a majority in most Muslim communities: in Southeast Asia, China, South Asia, Africa, and most of the Arab world. Shia make up the majority of the citizen population in Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Bahrain, as well as being a politically significant minority in Lebanon. Azerbaijan is predominantly Shia; however, practicing adherents are much fewer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Azerbaijan )〕 Indonesia has the largest number of Sunni Muslims, while Iran has the largest number of Shia Muslims (Twelver) in the world. Pakistan has the second-largest Sunni as well as the second-largest Shia Muslim (Twelver) population in the world. The historic background of the Sunni–Shia split lies in the schism that occurred when the Islamic prophet Muhammad died in the year 632, leading to a dispute over succession to Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community spread across various parts of the world, which led to the Battle of Siffin. The dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Hussein ibn Ali and his household were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community. Today, there are differences in religious practice, traditions, and customs, often related to jurisprudence. Although all Muslim groups consider the Quran to be divine, Sunni and Shia have different opinions on hadith. Over the years, Sunni–Shia relations have been marked by both cooperation and conflict. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ishtiaq Ahmed on Pakistan movement )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sunnis and Shiites )〕 Tensions between communities have intensified during power struggles, such as the Bahraini uprising, the Iraq War, and most recently the Syrian Civil War〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq 101: Civil War )〕 and in the formation of the self-styled Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and its advancement on Syria and Northern Iraq. ==Numbers== Sunnis are a majority in most Muslim communities in Southeast Asia, China, South Asia, Africa, most of the Arab World, and among Muslims in the United States (of which 85–90% are Sunnis).〔(Mapping the Global Muslim Population )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Religions )〕 Shias make up the majority of the Muslim population in Iran (around 95%), Azerbaijan (around 90%),〔(Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion )〕 Iraq (around 75%) and Bahrain (around 70%). Minority communities are also found in Yemen where over 45% of the population are Shia (mostly of the Zaidi sect), according to the UNHCR. Others put the numbers of Shias at 30%.〔(Country profile: Yemen ). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 2008). 〕 About 15-20% of Turkey's population belong to the Alevi sect. The Shia constitute around 30–40% of Kuwait,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 )〕 45–55% of the Muslim population in Lebanon, 25% of Saudi Arabia,〔〔http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/GulfReligionGeneral_lg.png〕 12% of Syria, and 20-25% of Pakistan. Around 15–20% of Afghanistan, less than 6% of the Muslims in Nigeria, and around 5% of population of Tajikistan are Shia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shia–Sunni relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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